In river conservation practices, maintenance of a river bed level especially at under situations where the slopes of bed increases due to different reasons such as sand mining is very important. The inclined grade control structure is one of eco-friendly structures that is applied in order to stabilize rivers beds and banks. One of the important parameters for design of such structures, is estimation of a local scour depth around downstream of the structures. In present study, the effect of different hydraulic and geometric parameters on the maximum scour depth at the downstream of inclined grade control structure was experimentally investigated. Experiments were conducted for slopes of 14 to 33%, unit discharges of 28. 4-45. 5, tail water depths of 3. 5-6 yc and roughness sizes of 4 to 10 mm. Comparison of results of the maximum scour depth for the grade control structure with slope of 33% showed that the tail water depth had direct effect on the scour depth increased from 4. 5 to 6 yc, and the maximum scour depth increased by 13 percent. By decreasing the installation bed level to 20 and 14, increasing the tail water had inverse effect on the maximum scour depth in such a way that by increase of the tail water depth from 3. 5 to 4. 5 yc, average reduction of the maximum scour depth was found to be 9 and 25 percent for slopes of 20 and 14 percent, respectively. Comparison of the results indicated that increasing the roughness of bed caused decrease in the maximum scour depth from 5 to 21 percent within the range of the minimum and maximum roughness.

Nowadays, the fundamental role of having a purpose for life in physical and mental health has been confirmed. According to victor frankl, presence of a purpose in life gives life a meaning and increases resilience against pains and traumas. The importance of the purpose in life construct reveals the need for a reliable and valid tool to measure it. Crumbaugh and Maholick's purpose in life questionnaire is the first and one of the most applied tools for the assessment of life's purposefulness. The aim of this research is to determine the factor structure of purpose in life questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered on 206 students who were selected through random stratified sampling at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Exploratory factor analysis showed that there are two factors "comprehension" and "purpose" and this finding were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Altogether results of this research showed factor validity of the purpose in life questionnaire with a two factor pattern

A common method for controlling a group of parallel converters in decentralized control strategy structure in an island microgrid, the use is the droop-down characteristics of frequency ω-P and voltage E-Q. However, the problem with using this method is that the reactive power is not properly distributed (in proportion to the capacity of the micronutrients) between the micronutrients, which may lead to overload in the converters. Microgrids may also suffer from dynamic stability problems such as power fluctuations, which can be increased by switching between active and reactive power control. To avoid this problem, the X / R ratio of transmission lines is an important parameter that should be carefully considered in the design of micronutrient controllers. By linearizing and simplifying conditions, the control system conversion function model becomes a single input-single output system, which is efficient enough to show the relationship between control parameters such as slope of droop characteristics and derivative sentences, virtual impedance, and voltage controllers. Using this model, stability conditions for different parameters are analyzed. Also, to improve power distribution stability, common droop strategies are modified by adjusting the slope as well as adding nonlinear sentence sections. This approach reduces the coupling between active and reactive power control and reduces the dependence of power distribution on grid parameters such as the X / R ratio. To evaluate the reliability of the proposed model, the simulation results in a sample island microgrid in MATLAB software are presented.

Considering the obligatory co-reference of the null subject of complement clause with the matrix direct object in sentences like (1) below, the sentence seems to involve object control structure within Government and Binding theory (Chomsky, 1981). Leila MaryamI ra va da r kard (ke) [el dars bexa nad]. Based on the Vacuous Movement Hypothesis, I show that Hashemipour"s analysis about the syntactic nature of the null subject (of complement clause) in such sentences is problematic, as. the null subject is not a wh-trace. Since the null subject is obligatorily dependent on an antecedent in the main clause and since we cannot replace it with an NP or pronoun, I claim that the null subject is a "PRO". Adopting the VP Internal Subject Hypothesis (Koopman & Sportiche, 1998), and following Radford"s Proposal regarding the subject Position, I claim that "PRO" in the related sentences is in the Spec-VP of the complement clause. Following Karimi (1989) and Darzi (1996), I suppose that Persian verbs typically govern their internal arguments to the right, as far as the direction of writing is concerned so that they cannot govern the position of Spec-VP on the left. On the other hand, the Spec-VP cannot be governed by finite Infl of the complement clause. Following Hashemipour (1989) I suppose that, in Persian, Infl is on the right of the VP. As the directionality of government in Persian phrasal categories is to the right, finite Infl of the complement clause cannot govern into the embedded Spec-VP position. It means that "PRO" in the Spec-VP is ungoverned. Since "PRO" needs no case, it doesn"t have to move to the Spec-IP of complement clause (which is in the government domain of the embedded Infl). Therefore, PRO Theorem is not violated in Persian.

Grade control structures are hydraulic structures used to stabilize a river bed. Scour downstream of this structure is the main cause of its failure. Studies have developed numerous empirical relations for scour depth prediction that designers must choose between to decide the most effective equation for a specific application. This study tested the condition of submerged jets over beds of sediments (median size=1.5, 2.4, 3.15 mm) downstream of a weir for discharges of 10, 15, 20 l/sec and tail water depths of 16, 21, 26 cm. The analysis applied multi-dimensionless group regression using Minitab software to predict maximum scour depth. All previous relations were compared to the data and it was found that the relations developed by Veronese A, Mason and Arumugam, Agostino and Ferro, and Chee and Padiyar predict the scour depth better than do other relations. In addition, a new relation was developed that produced better results at RMSE=0.015 and coefficient correlation=94%.

The hyporheic zone is a region immediately beneath the riverbed where surface and subsurface water mix, this research seeks to identify methods to increase the sedimentation rate in sedimentation basins. To this end, this study aims to (i) examine the effect of creating submerged walls on the efficiency of sediment trapping compared to a simple sediment basin, (ii) evaluate the influence of variation in wall height on sediment trapping efficiency, and (iii) study the effect of the number of walls on sediment trapping efficiency.The laboratory flow's length, width, and height were 5 m, 30 cm, and 0.5 m, respectively. The experiments were performed at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources on a one-, two-, and three-step gabion spillway. Notably, three distinct basin lengths were used in the 3-step case test. Afterward, numerical modeling was employed to analyze the experimental findings.According to the results of the gabion spillway, as the number of steps increment, sedimentation rate, sequestration, and consequently flow retention time increase. Analysis of dimensionalized total flow rate (q*) in all three spillways revealed that this parameter decreases as the Reynolds number increases. In addition, the obtained power law for this parameter in terms of Reynolds number demonstrated correlations of 81, 88, and 98 for one-step, two-step, and three-step spillways, respectively.This study demonstrated that the presence of a hydraulic jump alongside a gabion stabilizer increased hyporheic interactions. As a result, increasing the flow rate increases the hyporheic interaction rate while decreasing the flow retention time.